19 research questions. New ways to explore.
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Explore the research behind a longevity-minded routine. Compare how far studies have progressed, where positive signals appear and what still needs testing.
Each point represents a specific outcome and preparation, not an overall compound ranking. A blood marker, a memory test and a skin result are different questions.
Categories, not benefit scores. These are editorial placements from selected existing library reviews, not a meta-analysis or an exhaustive systematic review. See how to read the map ↓
Follow the evidence
Numbers identify ingredients, not scores. Points sharing a category cell use a fixed, evenly spaced offset so you can select each one. That offset has no scientific meaning. Blank cells are not proof of no research.
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A research guide, not a shopping ranking.
One through four are ordered category positions. The distance between categories is not a measured difference. Research maturity can be high even when a trial is null; the benefit axis only tracks the positive signal. Absorption and blood markers alone stay in the mechanistic benefit category.
Research maturity
Lab → Pilot → Controlled → Replicated
How far direct research has progressed for the mapped question. Lab includes rationale-only gaps; pilot includes small or incompletely reported human work; controlled means an interpretable comparator trial; replicated means repeated controlled support for the specified endpoint. These are not regulatory trial phases.
Evidence strength
Very preliminary → Limited → Moderate → Strong
Editorial confidence in the stated finding, after considering design, consistency, reporting and relevance. Strong would require consistent, well-reported independent clinical evidence for that specific outcome. No entry in this selected set receives Strong.
Human benefit signal
Mechanistic → Early human → Selected controlled → Repeated controlled
The level of positive health, functional or appearance signal. Mechanistic includes blood-exposure or biochemical responses without demonstrated health benefit; early human includes pilot signals; selected controlled indicates a favorable comparator result; repeated controlled means repeated support for the specified outcome. Null findings remain visible in every relevant entry.
Explore questions, not a tested stack. No full longevity stack is validated here, and separate ingredient findings do not establish combined benefits. Placement does not rank safety, interactions or suitability and is not dosing advice. Finished Neurogan products are not clinically validated by these ingredient studies. Use each full review for formulation and safety context.
The complete reference list
All 19 research summaries
Always available, including without JavaScript. Expand an ingredient for its exact scope, placements, research gap and sources.
01 PEA Chronic-pain symptoms
supplements / 01
PEA
Chronic-pain symptoms
Oral PEA; micronized and other trial preparations
What looks promising
Pooled double-blind trials favor PEA for pain, making comfort a useful area to explore.
Where the evidence stops
Results vary substantially by condition and preparation. A spinal-cord-injury pain trial did not beat placebo; exercise soreness was not clearly reduced.
The next useful study
Independent trials that compare defined preparations and track durable pain and function outcomes.
Why this placement?
Repeated controlled pain trials; substantial heterogeneity prevents a strong rating.
Follow the sources
- Chronic-pain meta-analysis ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- Spinal-cord-injury pain trial ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- Exercise-recovery trial ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
02 GHK-Cu Lines, wrinkles and firmness
skin / 02
GHK-Cu
Lines, wrinkles and firmness
Topical leave-on GHK-Cu creams
What looks promising
Small human cream reports describe fewer lines and wrinkles and less laxity.
Where the evidence stops
Older reports are known through a review; original allocation methods and numerical effects were not retrieved. Newer blend findings cannot isolate GHK-Cu. No hair-growth or rinse-off benefit follows.
The next useful study
An independently published, vehicle-controlled cream trial with specified concentration and blinded appearance assessment.
Why this placement?
Human reports support an early signal, but inaccessible original methods keep maturity at pilot rather than verified controlled.
Follow the sources
- Review of older cosmetic reports ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- Newer blend: primary abstract ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
03 NMN Muscle insulin sensitivity and physical-function tests
supplements / 03
NMN
Muscle insulin sensitivity and physical-function tests
Oral NMN alone; varied research preparations
What looks promising
Selected controlled trials found improved muscle insulin sensitivity, walking tests or exercise thresholds.
Where the evidence stops
Routine glucose and lipid outcomes were null in the metabolic review. VO2max did not improve in the runner trial. Blood NAD measurements are not longevity benefits.
The next useful study
Larger independent trials with prespecified functional outcomes, consistent NAD assays and longer follow-up.
Why this placement?
Controlled positive physiological results exist, but distinct endpoints and null pooled routine markers do not establish repeated clinical benefit.
Follow the sources
- PMID 33888596 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMID 34238308 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMID 39531138 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
04 NAD+ Whole-blood NAD response; health benefit unestablished
supplements / 04
NAD+
Whole-blood NAD response; health benefit unestablished
Direct oral proprietary LNAD+ powder, swished and swallowed
What looks promising
A controlled short trial of one proprietary powder raised whole-blood total NAD.
Where the evidence stops
No secondary clinical or wellbeing endpoint survived multiple-testing correction. This is not ordinary NAD+ capsules, liposomal NAD+, NMN, NR or NADH.
The next useful study
Longer independent trials of clearly specified oral formulas measuring how people feel and function.
Why this placement?
Controlled human biomarker evidence earns limited strength for that response, but the benefit signal stays mechanistic, not clinical.
Follow the sources
- DOI 10.1007/s11357-026-02399-1 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
05 Spermidine Memory in older adults
supplements / 05
Spermidine
Memory in older adults
Oral spermidine-rich extracts; not interchangeable with isolated salts
What looks promising
A small memory pilot provided an encouraging reason to test spermidine-rich extracts further.
Where the evidence stops
The larger 12-month SmartAge trial did not improve its primary memory outcome. Dietary longevity associations are not evidence that capsules extend life.
The next useful study
Replicated memory trials of characterized preparations with adequate power and longer-term safety follow-up.
Why this placement?
Controlled trials make the question mature enough to test; the null larger follow-up keeps the positive signal at early human.
Follow the sources
- PMID 30388439 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC9136623 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
06 Epicatechin Vascular responsiveness
supplements / 06
Epicatechin
Vascular responsiveness
Oral isolated (-)-epicatechin; not cocoa or multi-active tea extract
What looks promising
A controlled acute trial found improved blood-vessel responsiveness.
Where the evidence stops
A separate crossover trial did not meet significance for its primary vascular endpoint. A small exercise trial favored placebo for aerobic adaptation; extract muscle findings do not establish isolated-epicatechin muscle growth.
The next useful study
Larger vascular trials and exercise studies with a defined isolated preparation and prespecified outcomes.
Why this placement?
Selected controlled vascular signals coexist with a null primary result and unfavorable exercise findings, so evidence remains limited.
Follow the sources
- PMID 31014775 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMID 25934864 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC6308990 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
07 Berberine LDL cholesterol and related blood-lipid markers
supplements / 07
Berberine
LDL cholesterol and related blood-lipid markers
Oral berberine; varied trial preparations
What looks promising
Placebo-controlled trial reviews report lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides on average.
Where the evidence stops
These are risk markers, not fewer heart attacks. A large trial found no visceral- or liver-fat advantage; several metabolic outcomes were null.
The next useful study
Longer independent trials assessing clinical outcomes and preparation-specific tolerability, not only blood tests.
Why this placement?
Repeated controlled lipid findings support moderate, endpoint-specific confidence; variable trial quality and null non-lipid endpoints prevent a universal ranking.
Follow the sources
- PMID 36941490 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC12811813 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMID 18397984 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
08 Dihydroberberine Berberine exposure; metabolic benefit unestablished
supplements / 08
Dihydroberberine
Berberine exposure; metabolic benefit unestablished
Oral DHB; research preparations including a pepper-containing capsule
What looks promising
Small human studies suggest DHB can increase circulating berberine exposure.
Where the evidence stops
The five-person crossover did not establish better glucose or insulin outcomes. Exposure is not lasting metabolic benefit; a separate pepper-containing preparation does not isolate DHB.
The next useful study
Larger, longer placebo-controlled trials of glucose, lipids and tolerability with a characterized DHB preparation.
Why this placement?
Controlled exposure work is available, but very small samples and absent demonstrated metabolic benefit keep strength very preliminary and signal mechanistic.
Follow the sources
- PMC8746601 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC11171481 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
09 Fisetin Senescence-associated blood-cell markers
supplements / 09
Fisetin
Senescence-associated blood-cell markers
Oral fisetin; self-selected use and distinct clinical preparations
What looks promising
An uncontrolled, self-supplementing subgroup had a lower proportion of cells carrying a senescence-associated signal.
Where the evidence stops
This does not show removal of senescent cells or slower aging. Separate symptom studies were null, including knee pain/cartilage in a conference report; an IL-8 result in chemotherapy patients is a different endpoint.
The next useful study
A randomized trial with validated senescence measurements, meaningful health outcomes and systematic adverse-event monitoring.
Why this placement?
The mapped senescence endpoint is observational pilot work. Its unvalidated cellular marker stays in the mechanistic signal category; it does not establish a health benefit.
Follow the sources
- PMC11113632 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMID 29541713 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- Knee trial: conference report ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
10 Luteolin Immune-cell signaling and symptom research
supplements / 10
Luteolin
Immune-cell signaling and symptom research
Oral luteolin alone; blends kept separate
What looks promising
Laboratory immune-cell findings give researchers a plausible pathway to investigate.
Where the evidence stops
Direct luteolin did not beat placebo for Gulf War Illness symptoms. Positive PEA + luteolin smell-training studies cannot identify luteolin alone; a tiny cancer pilot had mixed findings.
The next useful study
Controlled single-ingredient trials with a defined population, meaningful symptom outcomes and measured immune markers.
Why this placement?
Direct controlled symptom testing exists but did not establish benefit; blend results do not raise the single-ingredient placement.
Follow the sources
- PMC2597265 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC7967624 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC9886808 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
11 Glutathione Skin pigmentation readings
supplements / 11
Glutathione
Skin pigmentation readings
Oral reduced glutathione capsules; topical GSSG excluded from placement
What looks promising
A short oral study found lower melanin readings at selected skin sites.
Where the evidence stops
A longer trial found no significant overall pigmentation advantage, with mixed other skin findings. Topical oxidized GSSG lotion and blood-store results answer different questions. Natural skin color is not a measure of health.
The next useful study
Larger trials with a prespecified skin endpoint, matched oral preparation and follow-up after stopping.
Why this placement?
A selected controlled oral skin signal supports limited evidence; inconsistent sites and a null overall follow-up prevent replication status.
Follow the sources
- PMID 20524875 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC5413479 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
12 AHK-Cu Follicle elongation outside the body
skin / 12
AHK-Cu
Follicle elongation outside the body
AHK-Cu in isolated follicles and cells; intended topical scalp research
What looks promising
Isolated human hair follicles elongated and papilla cells proliferated in a laboratory study.
Where the evidence stops
No controlled AHK-Cu-only scalp regrowth trial was verified. The direct reduction in dying cells was not significant. AHK-Cu is not GHK-Cu.
The next useful study
A vehicle-controlled trial of a defined scalp formula measuring hair density, shedding and tolerability.
Why this placement?
One laboratory publication supports a mechanism, not a clinical hair result.
Follow the sources
- PMID 17703734 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
13 CoQ10 Serious cardiovascular events in heart failure
supplements / 13
CoQ10
Serious cardiovascular events in heart failure
Oral CoQ10 added to usual heart-failure treatment
What looks promising
Q-SYMBIO reported fewer serious cardiovascular events with CoQ10 added to medical care.
Where the evidence stops
Short-term functional endpoints were null. A separate confirmed statin-myalgia trial found no pain benefit. Heart-failure findings are not prevention or an energy boost in healthy adults.
The next useful study
Independent outcome trials alongside contemporary heart-failure care, with clearly defined formulations.
Why this placement?
A substantial controlled clinical-outcome trial supports moderate confidence for this narrow setting; it is not independent replication.
Follow the sources
- j.jchf.2014.06.008 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMID 25545331 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
14 Vitamin C Short-term blood exposure; delivery advantage
supplements / 14
Vitamin C
Short-term blood exposure; delivery advantage
Oral liposomal vitamin C versus ordinary oral vitamin C
What looks promising
A small crossover study found higher blood exposure with one liposomal oral preparation.
Where the evidence stops
Greater exposure did not produce superior protection on the measured oxidative-stress endpoint. Ordinary vitamin C did not prevent cardiovascular events in a large trial. Adequate nutrition is a separate, established need.
The next useful study
Matched oral-formulation trials with clinically meaningful outcomes, not exposure alone.
Why this placement?
Controlled absorption work supports limited formulation-specific evidence, but not a demonstrated extra health benefit from liposomes.
Follow the sources
- PMC4915787 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC2586922 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- NIH nutrition evidence summary ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
15 Resveratrol Metabolic insulin-sensitivity measures
supplements / 15
Resveratrol
Metabolic insulin-sensitivity measures
Oral trans-resveratrol; distinct doses and preparations
What looks promising
A small crossover trial in men with obesity found favorable selected metabolic markers.
Where the evidence stops
A higher-dose trial did not improve its primary insulin-sensitivity test. There was no weight loss in the favorable pilot, and no longevity benefit was established.
The next useful study
Larger preregistered trials targeting a defined population and clinically meaningful metabolic outcomes.
Why this placement?
Selected controlled surrogate results are promising but were not reproduced across designs; confidence remains limited.
Follow the sources
- PMC3880862 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC3609591 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
16 Akkermansia Insulin sensitivity and metabolic markers
supplements / 16
Akkermansia
Insulin sensitivity and metabolic markers
Oral defined pasteurized A. muciniphila; live strains kept distinct
What looks promising
A pasteurized-preparation pilot found improved insulin sensitivity. Separate weight-maintenance research is encouraging.
Where the evidence stops
A later pasteurized trial was null on overall insulin sensitivity. A live-strain trial had null overall weight and HbA1c results. Strain, viability and commercial blends are not interchangeable.
The next useful study
Replication of prespecified subgroup findings and direct comparisons of characterized strains and preparations.
Why this placement?
Selected controlled metabolic signals coexist with a larger null primary result; they do not establish consistent efficacy.
Follow the sources
- PMC6699990 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMC13313273 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
- PMID 39879980 ↗Study or evidence synthesis cited in full review
17 Syn-Ake Expression-line appearance
skin / 17
Syn-Ake
Expression-line appearance
Topical supplier SYN-AKE trade-ingredient cream
What looks promising
Small supplier human tests reported smoothing and wrinkle changes after cream use.
Where the evidence stops
Commercial reports lack enough methods and comparative statistics for independent confirmation. Multi-active or procedure-assisted reports are excluded from this placement; no isolated effect or equivalence to Botox follows.
The next useful study
An independent, fully published, vehicle-controlled trial identifying trade-ingredient versus active-peptide concentration.
Why this placement?
Reported supplier comparisons are treated as pilot-level evidence because allocation and statistical detail are incomplete.
Follow the sources
- Supplier technical brochure ↗Supplier report
18 NMN + Resveratrol Added benefit of the pair
combinations / 18
NMN + Resveratrol
Added benefit of the pair
Oral NMN plus resveratrol together
What looks promising
Separate NMN and resveratrol trials provide a useful biological starting point for combination research.
Where the evidence stops
The library search did not identify a published controlled human oral trial of the exact pair. Separate ingredient results cannot establish synergy, an optimal ratio or combined longevity benefit.
The next useful study
A four-arm trial: NMN, resveratrol, both together and placebo, with prespecified outcomes and safety monitoring.
Why this placement?
Placement reflects the unverified combination advantage, not the maturity of each ingredient alone. Lab is a rationale-only floor, not a claim that this pair has a validated lab benefit.
Follow the sources
- PMC8550608 ↗Constituent context, not pair evidence
- PMC3880862 ↗Constituent context, not pair evidence
- PMC3609591 ↗Constituent context, not pair evidence
19 NAD+ + Resveratrol Added benefit of the pair
combinations / 19
NAD+ + Resveratrol
Added benefit of the pair
Direct oral NAD+ plus resveratrol together
What looks promising
Direct NAD+ biomarker research and selected resveratrol trials suggest questions worth testing together.
Where the evidence stops
No controlled trial of the exact direct-NAD+ blend was identified in the library search. The NAD+ powder trial contained no resveratrol; NR and NMN combination research does not transfer.
The next useful study
A controlled factorial study of the exact oral preparation, measuring function and long-term tolerability.
Why this placement?
The pair remains rationale-led; constituent trials are context only and are not promoted into combination evidence.
Follow the sources
- DOI 10.1007/s11357-026-02399-1 ↗Constituent context, not pair evidence
- PMC3880862 ↗Constituent context, not pair evidence
- PMC3609591 ↗Constituent context, not pair evidence